High-Profile Cases in Calcutta High Court: What You Need to Know

The Calcutta High Court has earned recognition in the Indian judiciary as it is a prestigious heritage  and has shaped the jurisprudence in the field of constitutional law, criminal justice ,civil rights. Since the colonial era it has enacted the laws and have adapted them for modern democratic governance. Established in 1862, the Calcutta High Court has witnessed the appointement of many natable  Judges and Lawyers.Legal luminaries like Justice B. N. Banerjee, Justice Sabyasachi Mukharji, Justice P.B. Gajendragadkar, and others have contributed to its esteemed reputation.

The court has extraordinary, appellate, and original jurisdiction over cases from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and West Bengal. Being one of the most powerful High Courts, the Supreme Court and other High Courts frequently cite its decisions. In instances involving fundamental rights, property laws, and business laws, the court has been essential in interpreting constitutional requirements.

It has made a substantial contribution to the development of Indian human rights jurisprudence and public interest litigation (PIL).The judicial impact of the court has been strongly associated with the existence of prestigious institutions such as the West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (WBNUJS) and the Department of Law at The University of Calcutta.

The court has presided over several high-profile and politically significant cases, further solidifying its importance in the Indian judicial system.

 Latest Decisions of Calcutta High Court

As of March 18, 2025, the Calcutta High Court has recently issued several notable judgments:

1. Writ Petition and Arbitration Remedies: The court, led by Chief Justice T.S. Sivagnanam and Justice Hiranmay Bhattacharyya, held that a writ petition is not maintainable when an effective and efficacious remedy in the form of arbitration is available.
2. Loss of Profit in Works Contracts: A division bench comprising Justice Soumen Sen and Justice Biswaroop Chowdhury ruled that loss of profit can be awarded in works contracts upon illegal termination, even in the absence of direct proof.
3. Employment Status Determination: Justice Shampa Dutt (Paul) emphasized that determining employment status is a mixed question of law and fact, requiring adjudication by an industrial tribunal.

4.      4. The horrific rape and killing of a 31-year-old junior physician at Kolkata's R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital in August 2024 attracted national notice and sparked massive demonstrations calling for justice and better safety protocols for women in public institutions.

• State Government's Appeal: On January 21, 2025, the West Bengal state government filed an appeal in the Calcutta High Court, requesting that Roy be given the death penalty, citing their displeasure with the life sentence. In a public statement, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee expressed her surprise at the initial sentence, claiming that the crime called for the death penalty.

• Family of the Victim: The victim's parents were not happy with the investigation and believed that there were additional people engaged in the crime. They have made it clear that they intend to take additional legal action to guarantee full justice.

Current Status:

The state's petition for a more severe sentence is now being considered by the Calcutta High Court as of March 18, 2025. Discussions over women's protection and the suitability of India's punitive policies for such offenses have been heightened by the case.
In the rape and murder case at R.G. Kar Medical College, the state is appealing for the death penalty.

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